Commercial control and priorities / Lesson P07

Customer concentration: when the biggest account controls your decisions

Customer concentration becomes a problem when your biggest account starts setting prices, service levels and decisions for the whole business. Measure the exposure four ways: revenue share, contribution, money owed and dedicated people or equipment. If losing that customer would force you to restructure, build other options now without damaging the relationship.

By the end, you should be able to

  • Measure dependence beyond revenue share
  • Test a loss or delayed-payment scenario
  • Reduce dependence without damaging good customer service

The account is valuable. That does not make every request sensible.

A major customer wants another exception. A lower price. A faster turnaround. A different reporting process. You agree because losing them feels worse than saying yes.

At some point, the account can start setting the operating model for the entire business. The question is not whether large customers are bad. It is whether you still understand and control the trade-offs.

Build four views of dependence

Start with the account's share of revenue over a representative period. Then calculate its contribution before shared overhead using a clear cost method. Review outstanding payments and work already committed. Finally, identify people, equipment or processes dedicated to the customer.

A revenue share alone misses important differences. An account producing 30% of revenue might fund 50% of the contribution. Another might occupy most capacity while contributing little. The response will differ.

Use the ranked customer view in the 80/20 lesson, but do not assume a numerical concentration threshold is safe for every business. Contract length, notice, margins and alternatives all matter.

An illustrative stress test

A business has monthly revenue of $100,000. Its largest customer contributes $45,000. Direct costs attributable to that work are $27,000, leaving $18,000 before shared overhead.

Losing the account does not necessarily remove $45,000 of profit. Equally, it may not release all $27,000 of costs immediately. Staff commitments, leases and work in progress can remain. Model the timing instead of subtracting a percentage from a single total.

Run a second case where the customer stays but pays thirty days late. The revenue picture is unchanged while cash needs increase. Cash-flow guidance emphasises the timing of money moving through the business.

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